Northern Rockies Ecosystem Protection Act–A Way To Heal The Landscape

 

The Swan Range is adjacent to the Bob Marshall Wilderness and part of the Greater Glacier/Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem that would receive additional protection if NREPA is enacted. Photo George Wuerthner

 

The Northern Rockies Ecosystem Protection Act (NREPA) is bold and visionary legislation that, if enacted by Congress, would help ensure functioning ecosystems and protect wildlife habitats and watersheds. For more information and better map see Alliance for Wild Rockies.

Scotchman’s Peak proposed wilderness in the Cabinet Yaak Ecosystem on the Idaho-Montana border. Photo George Wuerthner 

Recently NREPA was the topic of a hearing before the House Oversight Committee, where singer Carol King, a staunch and dedicated supporter of NREPA since its inception, testified.

The Gallatin Range, the largest unprotected portion of the northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem would be given wilderness status under NREPA. Photo George Wuerthner 

As proposed, the legislation would add 23 million acres of International significance to the National Wilderness System across five states—Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. The bill would protect the major portion of the Greater Yellowstone, Greater Glacier/Northern Continental Divide, Greater Hells Canyon/Wallowa, Greater Salmon/Selway, and Greater Cabinet/Yaak/Selkirk ecosystems.

The Wallowa Mountains in eastern Oregon, part of the Hells Canyon/Wallowa Mountains Ecosystem. Photo George Wuerthner

The Mount Leidy area of Wyoming is among the designated recovery areas in NREPA. Photo George Wuerthner 

The bill designates specified more than a million acres as wildland recovery areas. USDA shall develop a wildland recovery plan for each recovery area.

Middle Fork of the Judith River in Montana’s Little Belt Mountains is one of dozens of proposed Wild and Scenic Rivers in NREPA. Photo George Wuerthner 

 Many rivers and streams would also gain designation under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.

Idaho’s Pioneer Mountains, one of many roadless areas that would be given wilderness protection under NREPA. Photo George Wuerthner 

The legislation requires that a panel of independent scientists study roadless lands greater than 1,000 acres that are within the National Forest System in the Wild Rockies bioregion in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, or Wyoming, but not designated as components of the National Wilderness Preservation System, for their maintaining biological diversity. This scientific method follows the recommendations of the scientific community for assessing biodiversity’s importance.

NREPA would prohibit roads construction like this in the Gallatin Range of Montana. Photo George Wuerthner 

The bill prohibits road construction, timber harvest, oil or gas leasing, mining, or other development that impairs the natural and roadless qualities of the land.

Oil and gas field near Pinedale, Wyoming. New oil and gas devleopment would be prohibted on any lands included in NREPA. Photo George Wuerthner 

Roads are particularly damaging to many wildlife species and ecosystem functions.

Cattle trampling and compacting a riparian area in Montana. NREPA would allow ranchers to voluntarily retire grazing privileges. Photo George Wuerthner 

Livestock grazing is one of the most significant environmental impacts on public lands and even occurs in designated wilderness. The Act would permit the voluntary retirement of grazing permits on federal lands within a wilderness, recovery area, or corridor. In addition, grazing permit retirement would give ranchers a significant financial payoff (welfare payment) to remove their livestock from public lands, substantially reducing conflicts between livestock and native wildlife like wolves, grizzlies, sage grouse bighorn sheep, and trout.

Bear Creek in the Selway Bitterroot Wilderness, Idaho.  Wilderness is the “Gold Standard” for conservation. Photo George Wuerthner 

Wilderness designation is the “Gold Standard” for land conservation. Numerous studies have shown that protected landscapes are the stronghold for many fish species like bull trout, west slope cutthroat, and salmon.

Wilderness can provide core secure habitat for wide-ranging predators like grizzly bears. Photo George Wuerthner 

Wilderness designation is central to the preservation of core habitat that helps sustain wide-ranging predator species from lynx to wolf to the grizzly bear.

Wilderness areas have fewer high severity fires than areas of under “active forest management.” Photo George Wuerthner 

Wilderness areas also tend to have fewer high severity fires than other lands with “active forest management.”

Wilderness designation helps maintain evolutionary processes like this wolf kill on an elk to continue. Photo George Wuerthner 

Wilderness is essential for preserving ecological function, allowing evolutionary processes to continue from wildfire to native species and predation.

Scarface Mountain, Badger Two Medicine Proposed Wilderness, Montana, part of the Glacier/Continental Divide Ecosystem. Photo George Wuerthner 

Wilderness designation is an act of humility and restraint. If wilderness teaches us anything, it Is that we don’t have all the answers and having large tracts of the landscape where evolutionary and ecological processes can occur unhindered by human manipulation is critical to understanding what we may be doing to the rest of the planet, not within wilderness reserves.

NREPA would designate and protect corridors that will ensure that wildlife can migrate between major core protected areas. Photo George Wuerthner 

In addition to the direct preservation of wildlands, NREPA also seeks to create protected corridors to ensure that wildlife and plants can effectively migrate between wildlands and genetic exchange. In the face of climate change, corridors that permit movement across the landscape may become even more critical to sustaining native species.

Logging seen here in the Bridger Mountains of Montana releases more Green House Gas Emissions than wildfire. Protecting forests from logging increases carbon storage. Photo George Wuerthner 

In addition to the above values, wildlands serve as carbon storage sites. Protecting existing forests and other lands from logging and further manipulation is one of the best ways to keep carbon in the forest. Numerous studies have shown that logging and wood product production contribute substantial carbon to the atmosphere.

Pie chart showing various sources of GHG emission in Oregon. The green is wood products. 

For example, 35% of the annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Oregon are attributed to the wood products industry.

Even after a high severity fire, the majority of carbon remains stored on site as tree boles and roots. Photo George Wuerthner 

Even if a forest stand is scorched by fire, it continues to store carbon. What burns in a forest fire are the fine fuels like needles, small branches, shrubs, and small trees. Large tree boles and roots (where the bulk of the carbon is located) remain on the site and continue to store carbon for decades.

We are currently in the Sixth Mass Extinction, and a recent study suggests that we need to protect approximately 44% of the planet’s land area to ensure biodiversity loss. EO Wilson has recommended Half the Earth as a rough measure of what we need to stem this colossal biodiversity loss. In addition, wilderness reserves help to stop the loss of biodiversity.

Grizzly bear cut, one of the many fellow creatures we share the planet with. Photo George Wuerthner 

What wilderness forces us to consider the well-being of the rest of the life we share the Earth with. We do not own these lands. They are part of the planetary inheritance. Therefore, it is incumbent upon us to provide safe harbors for the rest of life we depend upon and whose destiny is intertwined with our own.

The spectaular Wyoming Range on the Bridger Teton National Forest, one of many roadless areas that would be added to the National Wilderness System under NREPA. Photo George Wuerthner

NREPA is a step in that direction and should be foundational to any plan to maintain a viable future for all life.

Currently, there are 68 sponsors of NREPA in the House, H.R. 1755, and 12 sponsors of NREPA in the Senate, S. 1276.

The Upper Yellowstone River in the Teton Wilderness would be designated a Wild and Scenic River under NREPA. Photo George Wuerthner 

I sometimes hear from other environmentalists that NREPA is still big, too bold, too encompassing. And that is exactly why we need to enact it. There is nothing currently in the U.S. Congress that would do more for climate change, wildlife protection, ecosystem function, and long term ecological preservation than NREPA.  But many of my collegues in the conservation movement still remain uncommitted to its support.

The Great Burn Proposed Wilderness straddles the Idaho-Montana border. Photo George Wuerthner 

I sometimes feel like Henry David Thoreau who was imprisoned for refusing to pay a tax to support the Mexican War.  Thoreau’s friend, the  transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson came to bail him out of jail. Emerson is reputed to have said “Henry, what are you doing in there?” To whit, Thoreau replied, “Waldo what are you doing out there.?”

To my friends in the conservation movement-I say “what are you doing out there?”

The Buffalo Horn drainage in the Gallatin Range is one of the most important wildlife areas in the northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem would gain permanent wilderness protection under NREPA. Photo George Wuerthner 

NREPA is a commitment to “heal” the landscape which we have callously fragmented, degraded and manipulated. In healing the land, we heal ourselves.

Folks are urged to write their Congressional representatives and ask them to become co-sponsors, or if already sponsors, thank them for their support.